Based on Kayla's case of a brain tumor treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, which statement is most accurate?

• A. Kayla is not having late effects because more than 8 years have passed since treatment.
• B. Additionally, cognitive late effects are unlikely.
• C. Kayla may be having late effects due to the cancer treatment she received.
• D. Adjuvant chemotherapy has no late effects.

Answer: (C)

Late effects can appear many years after brain tumor treatment, and they can affect thinking, hormones, energy, and more. Kayla’s exposure to surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation to the brain puts her at risk for these delayed issues, even if a long time has passed since treatment. Cognitive changes, endocrine problems, and fatigue are known potential late effects after brain-directed therapy, so it isn’t accurate to say they’re unlikely or that chemotherapy has no late effects. The most accurate statement is that Kayla may be having late effects due to the cancer treatment she received.