A Nuremberg Code was the first document written to address:

• A. Age limitations of human subject participation in scientific studies
• B. Physician qualifications caring for human subjects participating in scientific studies
• C. Ethics associated with human subject participation in scientific studies
• D. Treatment settings where human subjects may participate in scientific studies

Answer: (C)

The Nuremberg Code was the first formal framework that set ethical standards for research involving human beings, centering on protecting participants through voluntary, informed consent and that studies be conducted with safeguards to minimize harm. This focus on ethics of how people participate in scientific studies is why it’s the best choice. It isn’t about age limits, who can be a physician, or where treatment takes place. The Code arose after WWII to address abuses in experiments and laid the groundwork for modern research ethics, influencing later guidelines like the Declaration of Helsinki and the Belmont Report.